How to run: Save the following code as calculator.py and run using python calculator.py or python3 calculator.py.

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b

def multiply(a, b):
    return a * b

def divide(a, b):
    if b != 0:
        return a / b
    else:
        return "Error! Division by zero."

print("Select operation:")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")

choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

if choice == '1':
    print("Result:", add(num1, num2))
elif choice == '2':
    print("Result:", subtract(num1, num2))
elif choice == '3':
    print("Result:", multiply(num1, num2))
elif choice == '4':
    print("Result:", divide(num1, num2))
else:
    print("Invalid input")
      

How to run: Save the following code as tic_tac_toe.py and run using python tic_tac_toe.py or python3 tic_tac_toe.py.

board = [" " for _ in range(9)]

def print_board():
    print(board[0] + "|" + board[1] + "|" + board[2])
    print("-+-+-")
    print(board[3] + "|" + board[4] + "|" + board[5])
    print("-+-+-")
    print(board[6] + "|" + board[7] + "|" + board[8])

def check_winner(player):
    combos = [(0,1,2), (3,4,5), (6,7,8),
              (0,3,6), (1,4,7), (2,5,8),
              (0,4,8), (2,4,6)]
    for a, b, c in combos:
        if board[a] == board[b] == board[c] == player:
            return True
    return False

def play():
    player = "X"
    for turn in range(9):
        print_board()
        move = int(input(f"Player {player}, enter position (0-8): "))
        if board[move] == " ":
            board[move] = player
            if check_winner(player):
                print_board()
                print(f"Player {player} wins!")
                return
            player = "O" if player == "X" else "X"
        else:
            print("Spot taken, try again.")
    print_board()
    print("It's a tie!")

play()
      

How to run: Save the following code as todo.py and run using python todo.py. It will create a file tasks.txt to store your tasks.

def show_menu():
    print("To-Do List App")
    print("1. Show tasks")
    print("2. Add task")
    print("3. Delete task")
    print("4. Exit")

def read_tasks():
    try:
        with open("tasks.txt", "r") as f:
            return f.read().splitlines()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return []

def write_tasks(tasks):
    with open("tasks.txt", "w") as f:
        for task in tasks:
            f.write(task + "\n")

def main():
    while True:
        show_menu()
        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == "1":
            tasks = read_tasks()
            if tasks:
                print("Tasks:")
                for i, task in enumerate(tasks, 1):
                    print(f"{i}. {task}")
            else:
                print("No tasks found.")
        elif choice == "2":
            task = input("Enter a new task: ")
            tasks = read_tasks()
            tasks.append(task)
            write_tasks(tasks)
            print("Task added.")
        elif choice == "3":
            tasks = read_tasks()
            if tasks:
                for i, task in enumerate(tasks, 1):
                    print(f"{i}. {task}")
                index = int(input("Enter task number to delete: "))
                if 0 < index <= len(tasks):
                    removed = tasks.pop(index - 1)
                    write_tasks(tasks)
                    print(f"Deleted: {removed}")
                else:
                    print("Invalid number.")
            else:
                print("No tasks to delete.")
        elif choice == "4":
            print("Goodbye!")
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Try again.")

main()
      

How to run: Save the following code as contact_book.py and run using python contact_book.py. Contacts are saved in contacts.txt.

def show_menu():
    print("\nContact Book")
    print("1. Add Contact")
    print("2. View Contacts")
    print("3. Search Contact")
    print("4. Exit")

def add_contact():
    name = input("Enter name: ")
    phone = input("Enter phone number: ")
    with open("contacts.txt", "a") as f:
        f.write(f"{name},{phone}\n")
    print("Contact saved.")

def view_contacts():
    try:
        with open("contacts.txt", "r") as f:
            lines = f.readlines()
            if lines:
                for line in lines:
                    name, phone = line.strip().split(",")
                    print(f"Name: {name}, Phone: {phone}")
            else:
                print("No contacts found.")
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("No contact file found.")

def search_contact():
    keyword = input("Enter name to search: ").lower()
    found = False
    try:
        with open("contacts.txt", "r") as f:
            for line in f:
                name, phone = line.strip().split(",")
                if keyword in name.lower():
                    print(f"Found - Name: {name}, Phone: {phone}")
                    found = True
        if not found:
            print("No matching contact found.")
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("No contact file found.")

def main():
    while True:
        show_menu()
        choice = input("Enter choice: ")
        if choice == "1":
            add_contact()
        elif choice == "2":
            view_contacts()
        elif choice == "3":
            search_contact()
        elif choice == "4":
            print("Goodbye!")
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid input")

main()
      

How to run: Save the code below as palindrome.py and run using python palindrome.py. Enter any string to check if it is a palindrome.

def is_palindrome(text):
    cleaned = ''.join(c.lower() for c in text if c.isalnum())
    return cleaned == cleaned[::-1]

def main():
    print("Palindrome Checker")
    while True:
        user_input = input("Enter a word or phrase (or 'exit' to quit): ")
        if user_input.lower() == "exit":
            break
        if is_palindrome(user_input):
            print("Yes, it's a palindrome!")
        else:
            print("No, it's not a palindrome.")

main()
      

How to run: Save the code below as guessing_game.py and run with python guessing_game.py. Try to guess the number randomly chosen by the computer.

import random

def main():
    print("Number Guessing Game")
    number = random.randint(1, 100)
    attempts = 0

    while True:
        guess = input("Guess a number between 1 and 100 (or 'q' to quit): ")

        if guess.lower() == 'q':
            print(f"The number was {number}")
            break

        if not guess.isdigit():
            print("Please enter a valid number.")
            continue

        guess = int(guess)
        attempts += 1

        if guess < number:
            print("Too low!")
        elif guess > number:
            print("Too high!")
        else:
            print(f"Correct! You guessed it in {attempts} attempts.")
            break

main()
      

How to run: Save the following code as prime_generator.py and run using python prime_generator.py. Enter a limit to generate all primes up to that number.

def is_prime(n):
    if n < 2:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

def generate_primes(limit):
    primes = []
    for num in range(2, limit + 1):
        if is_prime(num):
            primes.append(num)
    return primes

def main():
    print("Prime Number Generator")
    try:
        limit = int(input("Generate primes up to: "))
        primes = generate_primes(limit)
        print("Primes:", primes)
    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter a valid number.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as fibonacci.py and run using python fibonacci.py. Enter how many Fibonacci numbers to display.

def fibonacci(n):
    sequence = []
    a, b = 0, 1
    for _ in range(n):
        sequence.append(a)
        a, b = b, a + b
    return sequence

def main():
    print("Fibonacci Sequence Visualizer")
    try:
        count = int(input("Enter number of terms: "))
        result = fibonacci(count)
        print("Fibonacci sequence:")
        print(result)
    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter a valid number.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as temp_converter.py and run with python temp_converter.py. Choose to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit or vice versa.

def c_to_f(c):
    return (c * 9/5) + 32

def f_to_c(f):
    return (f - 32) * 5/9

def main():
    print("Temperature Converter")
    print("1. Celsius to Fahrenheit")
    print("2. Fahrenheit to Celsius")
    choice = input("Choose option (1/2): ")

    try:
        temp = float(input("Enter temperature: "))
        if choice == "1":
            print(f"{temp}°C is {c_to_f(temp):.2f}°F")
        elif choice == "2":
            print(f"{temp}°F is {f_to_c(temp):.2f}°C")
        else:
            print("Invalid choice.")
    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter a numeric value.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as password_generator.py and run with python password_generator.py. Enter desired password length.

import random
import string

def generate_password(length):
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
    return ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))

def main():
    print("Password Generator")
    try:
        length = int(input("Enter password length: "))
        password = generate_password(length)
        print("Generated password:", password)
    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter a valid number.")

main()
      

How to run: Save the following as anagram_checker.py and run using python anagram_checker.py. Enter two words to check if they are anagrams.

def is_anagram(word1, word2):
    return sorted(word1.lower()) == sorted(word2.lower())

def main():
    print("Anagram Checker")
    w1 = input("Enter first word: ")
    w2 = input("Enter second word: ")
    if is_anagram(w1, w2):
        print("They are anagrams!")
    else:
        print("They are not anagrams.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as word_counter.py. Run with python word_counter.py. Enter the path to a text file to count words.

def count_words_in_file(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename, 'r') as file:
            text = file.read()
        words = text.split()
        return len(words)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None

def main():
    print("Text File Word Counter")
    filename = input("Enter file path: ")
    count = count_words_in_file(filename)
    if count is None:
        print("File not found.")
    else:
        print(f"Total words in file: {count}")

main()
      

How to run: Save as log_parser.py. Run with python log_parser.py. Enter log file path to parse and count ERROR lines.

def parse_log_file(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename, 'r') as file:
            lines = file.readlines()
        error_lines = [line for line in lines if "ERROR" in line]
        return len(error_lines)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None

def main():
    print("Log File Parser")
    filename = input("Enter log file path: ")
    error_count = parse_log_file(filename)
    if error_count is None:
        print("File not found.")
    else:
        print(f"Number of ERROR lines: {error_count}")

main()
      

How to run: Save as file_organizer.py. Run with python file_organizer.py. Enter a directory path to organize files by extension into folders.

import os
import shutil

def organize_files_by_extension(folder):
    if not os.path.isdir(folder):
        print("Invalid directory path.")
        return

    for filename in os.listdir(folder):
        filepath = os.path.join(folder, filename)
        if os.path.isfile(filepath):
            ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1][1:]  # Get extension without dot
            if ext == "":
                ext = "no_extension"
            dest_dir = os.path.join(folder, ext)
            os.makedirs(dest_dir, exist_ok=True)
            shutil.move(filepath, os.path.join(dest_dir, filename))

def main():
    print("File Organizer - Sort files by extension")
    folder = input("Enter directory path to organize: ")
    organize_files_by_extension(folder)
    print("Files organized.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as encrypt_decrypt.py. Run with python encrypt_decrypt.py. Enter text and shift number to encrypt/decrypt using Caesar cipher.

def caesar_cipher(text, shift, decrypt=False):
    result = ""
    for char in text:
        if char.isalpha():
            start = ord('a') if char.islower() else ord('A')
            offset = ord(char) - start
            if decrypt:
                offset = (offset - shift) % 26
            else:
                offset = (offset + shift) % 26
            result += chr(start + offset)
        else:
            result += char
    return result

def main():
    print("Text Encryption/Decryption Tool (Caesar Cipher)")
    choice = input("Choose (e)ncrypt or (d)ecrypt: ").lower()
    text = input("Enter text: ")
    try:
        shift = int(input("Enter shift number (e.g., 3): "))
        if choice == 'e':
            print("Encrypted text:", caesar_cipher(text, shift))
        elif choice == 'd':
            print("Decrypted text:", caesar_cipher(text, shift, decrypt=True))
        else:
            print("Invalid choice.")
    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter a valid number.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as email_extractor.py. Run with python email_extractor.py. Enter path to text file to extract emails.

import re

def extract_emails(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename, 'r') as file:
            content = file.read()
        emails = re.findall(r'[\w\.-]+@[\w\.-]+\.\w+', content)
        return set(emails)  # unique emails
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None

def main():
    print("Email Extractor from Text Files")
    filename = input("Enter file path: ")
    emails = extract_emails(filename)
    if emails is None:
        print("File not found.")
    elif len(emails) == 0:
        print("No emails found.")
    else:
        print("Emails found:")
        for email in emails:
            print(email)

main()
      

How to run: Save as news_scraper.py. Install requests and beautifulsoup4 via pip install requests beautifulsoup4. Run with python news_scraper.py.

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def scrape_headlines(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    if response.status_code != 200:
        print("Failed to retrieve page.")
        return []
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
    headlines = []
    for item in soup.find_all('h2'):  # example: headlines inside h2 tags
        headlines.append(item.get_text(strip=True))
    return headlines

def main():
    print("News Headline Scraper")
    url = input("Enter news website URL (e.g., https://www.bbc.com/news): ")
    headlines = scrape_headlines(url)
    if headlines:
        print("Headlines found:")
        for idx, headline in enumerate(headlines, 1):
            print(f"{idx}. {headline}")
    else:
        print("No headlines found.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as stock_tracker.py. Install yfinance via pip install yfinance. Run with python stock_tracker.py. Enter stock ticker symbol.

import yfinance as yf

def get_stock_price(ticker):
    stock = yf.Ticker(ticker)
    data = stock.history(period="1d")
    if data.empty:
        return None
    return data['Close'][0]

def main():
    print("Stock Price Tracker")
    ticker = input("Enter stock ticker symbol (e.g., AAPL): ").upper()
    price = get_stock_price(ticker)
    if price is None:
        print("Invalid ticker or no data found.")
    else:
        print(f"Latest closing price for {ticker}: ${price:.2f}")

main()
      

How to run: Save as insta_follower_scraper.py. Install selenium and a webdriver (e.g., ChromeDriver). Run with python insta_follower_scraper.py. Enter Instagram username.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

def get_followers(username):
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # Make sure chromedriver is in PATH
    driver.get(f"https://www.instagram.com/{username}/")
    time.sleep(5)  # wait for page load
    try:
        followers = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//a[contains(@href,"/followers")]/span').get_attribute('title')
        driver.quit()
        return followers
    except Exception as e:
        driver.quit()
        return None

def main():
    print("Instagram Follower Scraper")
    username = input("Enter Instagram username: ")
    followers = get_followers(username)
    if followers:
        print(f"{username} has {followers} followers.")
    else:
        print("Failed to retrieve followers.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as amazon_price_alert.py. Install requests and beautifulsoup4. Run with python amazon_price_alert.py. Enter Amazon product URL and target price.

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def get_amazon_price(url):
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.85 Safari/537.36"
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    if response.status_code != 200:
        return None
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
    price = soup.find(id='priceblock_ourprice') or soup.find(id='priceblock_dealprice')
    if price:
        price_text = price.get_text().strip().replace('$','').replace(',','')
        try:
            return float(price_text)
        except:
            return None
    return None

def main():
    print("Amazon Price Alert Bot")
    url = input("Enter Amazon product URL: ")
    target = float(input("Enter your target price: "))
    current_price = get_amazon_price(url)
    if current_price is None:
        print("Failed to get price.")
    elif current_price <= target:
        print(f"Price alert! Current price ${current_price} is at or below target ${target}.")
    else:
        print(f"Current price ${current_price} is higher than target ${target}.")

main()
      

How to run: Save as pdf_metadata.py. Install PyPDF2 with pip install PyPDF2. Run with python pdf_metadata.py. Enter path to a PDF file.

import PyPDF2

def extract_pdf_metadata(filepath):
    try:
        with open(filepath, 'rb') as file:
            reader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(file)
            info = reader.getDocumentInfo()
            return info
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None

def main():
    print("PDF Metadata Extractor")
    filepath = input("Enter PDF file path: ")
    metadata = extract_pdf_metadata(filepath)
    if metadata is None:
        print("File not found or could not read.")
    else:
        print("Metadata:")
        for key, value in metadata.items():
            print(f"{key}: {value}")

main()
      

How to run: Save as csv_analyzer.py. Requires a CSV file in the same directory. Run with python csv_analyzer.py.

import csv

def analyze_csv(file_path):
    with open(file_path, newline='') as csvfile:
        reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
        headers = next(reader)
        row_count = 0
        for _ in reader:
            row_count += 1
        print(f"Headers: {headers}")
        print(f"Total Rows (excluding header): {row_count}")

def main():
    print("CSV Analyzer")
    file_path = input("Enter path to CSV file: ")
    analyze_csv(file_path)

main()
      

How to run: Save as covid_tracker.py. Install pandas with pip install pandas. Requires a COVID CSV file. Run with python covid_tracker.py.

import pandas as pd

def track_covid(file_path, country):
    df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
    country_data = df[df['location'] == country]
    if country_data.empty:
        print("Country not found in data.")
        return
    latest = country_data.iloc[-1]
    print(f"Latest COVID Data for {country}:")
    print(f"Date: {latest['date']}")
    print(f"New Cases: {latest['new_cases']}")
    print(f"Total Cases: {latest['total_cases']}")

def main():
    print("COVID-19 Data Tracker")
    file_path = input("Enter CSV file path: ")
    country = input("Enter country name: ")
    track_covid(file_path, country)

main()
      

How to run: Save as budget_tracker.py. Install pandas and matplotlib. Run with python budget_tracker.py.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def track_budget(file_path):
    df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
    print("Budget Summary:")
    print(df.groupby('Category')['Amount'].sum())
    df.groupby('Category')['Amount'].sum().plot(kind='pie', autopct='%1.1f%%')
    plt.title("Budget Allocation")
    plt.ylabel("")
    plt.show()

def main():
    print("Simple Budget Tracker")
    file_path = input("Enter CSV file path (Category,Amount): ")
    track_budget(file_path)

main()
      

How to run: Save as marks_visualizer.py. Install pandas and matplotlib. Use a CSV file with columns: Name, Marks. Run with python marks_visualizer.py.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def visualize_marks(file_path):
    df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
    df.plot(kind='bar', x='Name', y='Marks', color='skyblue')
    plt.title("Student Marks")
    plt.xlabel("Student Name")
    plt.ylabel("Marks")
    plt.xticks(rotation=45)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

def main():
    print("Student Marks Visualizer")
    file_path = input("Enter path to marks CSV file: ")
    visualize_marks(file_path)

main()
      

How to run: Save as movie_ratings.py. Requires matplotlib and a CSV file with Title, Rating. Run with python movie_ratings.py.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_movie_ratings(file_path):
    df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
    df.sort_values(by='Rating', ascending=False, inplace=True)
    plt.bar(df['Title'], df['Rating'], color='orange')
    plt.xlabel('Movie Title')
    plt.ylabel('Rating')
    plt.title('Movie Ratings Bar Chart')
    plt.xticks(rotation=60)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

def main():
    print("Movie Ratings Visualizer")
    file_path = input("Enter movie ratings CSV path: ")
    plot_movie_ratings(file_path)

main()
      

How to run: Save as weather_app.py. Install requests. Use your own API key from OpenWeatherMap. Run with python weather_app.py.

import requests

def get_weather(city, api_key):
    url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={api_key}&units=metric"
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    if data.get("main"):
        print(f"Weather in {city}: {data['weather'][0]['description']}")
        print(f"Temperature: {data['main']['temp']}°C")
    else:
        print("City not found or invalid API key.")

def main():
    city = input("Enter city name: ")
    api_key = input("Enter your OpenWeatherMap API key: ")
    get_weather(city, api_key)

main()
      

How to run: Save as currency_converter.py. Install requests. Run with python currency_converter.py.

import requests

def convert_currency(from_currency, to_currency, amount):
    url = f"https://api.exchangerate-api.com/v4/latest/{from_currency}"
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    rate = data["rates"].get(to_currency)
    if rate:
        converted = amount * rate
        print(f"{amount} {from_currency} = {converted:.2f} {to_currency}")
    else:
        print("Invalid currency code.")

def main():
    from_currency = input("From currency (e.g. USD): ").upper()
    to_currency = input("To currency (e.g. EUR): ").upper()
    amount = float(input("Amount: "))
    convert_currency(from_currency, to_currency, amount)

main()
      

How to run: Save as github_info.py. Install requests. Run with python github_info.py.

import requests

def get_repo_info(owner, repo):
    url = f"https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}"
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    if response.status_code == 200:
        print(f"Repository: {data['full_name']}")
        print(f"Stars: {data['stargazers_count']}")
        print(f"Forks: {data['forks_count']}")
        print(f"Language: {data['language']}")
        print(f"Description: {data['description']}")
    else:
        print("Repository not found.")

def main():
    owner = input("Enter GitHub username: ")
    repo = input("Enter repository name: ")
    get_repo_info(owner, repo)

main()
      

How to run: Save as translator.py. Install googletrans==4.0.0rc1. Run with python translator.py.

from googletrans import Translator

def translate_text(text, dest_lang):
    translator = Translator()
    translated = translator.translate(text, dest=dest_lang)
    print(f"Original: {text}")
    print(f"Translated ({dest_lang}): {translated.text}")

def main():
    text = input("Enter text to translate: ")
    dest_lang = input("Enter destination language (e.g. fr, es, de): ")
    translate_text(text, dest_lang)

main()
      

How to run: Save as quote_fetcher.py. Install requests. Run with python quote_fetcher.py.

import requests

def fetch_quote():
    url = "https://api.quotable.io/random"
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    print(f"Quote: {data['content']}")
    print(f"- {data['author']}")

def main():
    print("Fetching Quote of the Day...")
    fetch_quote()

main()
      

How to run: Save as login_system.py. Install bcrypt using pip install bcrypt. Run with python login_system.py.

import bcrypt

users = {}

def register():
    username = input("Enter new username: ")
    password = input("Enter new password: ").encode('utf-8')
    hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password, bcrypt.gensalt())
    users[username] = hashed
    print("User registered successfully!")

def login():
    username = input("Username: ")
    password = input("Password: ").encode('utf-8')
    if username in users and bcrypt.checkpw(password, users[username]):
        print("Login successful!")
    else:
        print("Invalid credentials.")

def main():
    while True:
        choice = input("1. Register 2. Login 3. Exit: ")
        if choice == "1":
            register()
        elif choice == "2":
            login()
        else:
            break

main()
      

How to run: Save as otp_verifier.py. Run with python otp_verifier.py.

import random

def generate_otp():
    otp = random.randint(100000, 999999)
    return otp

def verify_otp(sent_otp):
    entered = int(input("Enter the OTP: "))
    if entered == sent_otp:
        print("OTP Verified!")
    else:
        print("Invalid OTP.")

def main():
    otp = generate_otp()
    print(f"Your OTP is: {otp}")  # Simulate sending via SMS/email
    verify_otp(otp)

main()
      

How to run: Save as captcha_generator.py. Run with python captcha_generator.py.

import random
import string

def generate_captcha(length=6):
    captcha = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=length))
    return captcha

def main():
    captcha = generate_captcha()
    print(f"CAPTCHA: {captcha}")
    user_input = input("Enter CAPTCHA: ")
    if user_input == captcha:
        print("CAPTCHA correct!")
    else:
        print("CAPTCHA incorrect!")

main()
      

How to run: Save as password_strength.py. Run with python password_strength.py.

import re

def check_strength(password):
    length = len(password) >= 8
    digit = re.search(r"\d", password)
    upper = re.search(r"[A-Z]", password)
    lower = re.search(r"[a-z]", password)
    symbol = re.search(r"[!@#$%^&*(),.?\":{}|<>]", password)

    if all([length, digit, upper, lower, symbol]):
        print("Strong password!")
    else:
        print("Weak password!")

def main():
    password = input("Enter your password: ")
    check_strength(password)

main()
      

How to run: Save as file_encryptor.py. Install cryptography using pip install cryptography. Run with python file_encryptor.py.

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet

def generate_key():
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    with open("key.key", "wb") as key_file:
        key_file.write(key)

def load_key():
    return open("key.key", "rb").read()

def encrypt_file(filename):
    key = load_key()
    f = Fernet(key)
    with open(filename, "rb") as file:
        data = file.read()
    encrypted = f.encrypt(data)
    with open(filename, "wb") as file:
        file.write(encrypted)

def decrypt_file(filename):
    key = load_key()
    f = Fernet(key)
    with open(filename, "rb") as file:
        data = file.read()
    decrypted = f.decrypt(data)
    with open(filename, "wb") as file:
        file.write(decrypted)

# Uncomment the line you want to run:
# generate_key()
# encrypt_file("example.txt")
# decrypt_file("example.txt")
      

# AI-Based Speech Emotion Recognition - Sample Python code snippet
# Import necessary libraries
import librosa
import numpy as np
from sklearn.svm import SVC

# Load audio file
audio_path = 'speech.wav'  # Path to speech audio file
audio, sr = librosa.load(audio_path, sr=None)

# Extract features (e.g., MFCCs)
mfccs = librosa.feature.mfcc(y=audio, sr=sr, n_mfcc=13)

# Flatten features for classifier input
features = np.mean(mfccs.T, axis=0).reshape(1, -1)

# Dummy model prediction example
model = SVC()  # Assume pre-trained SVM loaded here
# prediction = model.predict(features)

print("Emotion detected: Happy (dummy output)")
      

How to run: Save this Python script and run in a Python environment with librosa and sklearn installed.

# AI-Powered Photo Style Transfer - simplified example using TensorFlow and Hub
import tensorflow_hub as hub
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

# Load content and style images
content_image = Image.open('content.jpg')
style_image = Image.open('style.jpg')

# Convert images to tensors
def load_img(img):
    img = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(np.array(img), tf.float32)
    img = img[tf.newaxis, :]
    return img

content = load_img(content_image)
style = load_img(style_image)

# Load style transfer model
hub_model = hub.load('https://tfhub.dev/google/magenta/arbitrary-image-stylization-v1-256/2')

# Stylize image
stylized_image = hub_model(tf.constant(content), tf.constant(style))[0]

print("Style transfer complete (output tensor)")
      

How to run: Requires TensorFlow and tensorflow_hub packages installed. Run the script in Python environment.

# AI-Powered Automated Code Review Tool - conceptual snippet
# Here we simulate code quality checks using pylint

import subprocess

code_file = 'example.py'  # file to check

# Run pylint on the code file
result = subprocess.run(['pylint', code_file], capture_output=True, text=True)

print("Pylint output:")
print(result.stdout)
      

How to run: Install pylint (`pip install pylint`), save code file, then run this script in the same directory.

# AI-Powered Medical Diagnosis Assistant - basic example using sklearn

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
import numpy as np

# Example features: symptom presence (1 or 0)
X = np.array([[1,0,1], [0,1,0], [1,1,1], [0,0,1]])
y = np.array([1, 0, 1, 0])  # 1=disease present, 0=absent

model = RandomForestClassifier()
model.fit(X, y)

# Predict on new patient data
new_patient = np.array([[1,0,0]])
prediction = model.predict(new_patient)

print("Disease present" if prediction[0] == 1 else "Disease absent")
      

How to run: Requires sklearn installed (`pip install scikit-learn`), then run in Python environment.

# AI-Based Real-time Traffic Monitoring - simplified OpenCV snippet
import cv2

# Open video capture (camera or video file)
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('traffic_video.mp4')

while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        break
    
    # Placeholder for traffic detection logic
    cv2.putText(frame, "Traffic Monitoring Running...", (50,50),
                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, (0,255,0), 2)
    
    cv2.imshow('Traffic Monitor', frame)
    
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
      

How to run: Requires OpenCV installed (`pip install opencv-python`). Run in Python environment with video file or camera access.

# AI-Powered Email Spam Classifier - simplified example using sklearn

from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB

# Sample emails
emails = ["Win a free iPhone now", "Meeting schedule at 10 AM", "Lowest prices guaranteed"]
labels = [1, 0, 1]  # 1=spam, 0=not spam

# Vectorize text
vectorizer = CountVectorizer()
X = vectorizer.fit_transform(emails)

# Train classifier
model = MultinomialNB()
model.fit(X, labels)

# Predict new email
test_email = ["Limited offer just for you"]
X_test = vectorizer.transform(test_email)
prediction = model.predict(X_test)

print("Spam" if prediction[0] == 1 else "Not Spam")
      

How to run: Requires sklearn installed. Run in Python environment.

# AI-Powered Virtual Makeup Try-On - Conceptual placeholder
print("Virtual makeup try-on functionality to be implemented using facial landmarks and image processing libraries.")
      

How to run: This is a conceptual demo; full implementation requires OpenCV and Dlib or Mediapipe for facial landmark detection.

# AI-Based Sentiment Analysis for Product Reviews - example with TextBlob
from textblob import TextBlob

review = "This product is amazing and works perfectly!"

analysis = TextBlob(review)
sentiment = "Positive" if analysis.sentiment.polarity > 0 else "Negative"

print(f"Review sentiment: {sentiment}")
      

How to run: Requires TextBlob installed (`pip install textblob`). Run in Python environment.

# AI-Based Text Generation for Story Writing - example using GPT-2 via transformers

from transformers import pipeline

generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='gpt2')

prompt = "Once upon a time in a distant kingdom,"
result = generator(prompt, max_length=50, num_return_sequences=1)

print(result[0]['generated_text'])
      

How to run: Requires transformers library (`pip install transformers`). Run in Python environment.

# AI-Powered Optical Flow Estimation - OpenCV example

import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture('video.mp4')
ret, prev_frame = cap.read()
prev_gray = cv2.cvtColor(prev_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        break
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    
    flow = cv2.calcOpticalFlowFarneback(prev_gray, gray, None,
                                        0.5, 3, 15, 3, 5, 1.2, 0)
    
    # Visualization or processing code here
    
    prev_gray = gray
    
    cv2.imshow('Optical Flow', frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
      

How to run: Requires OpenCV installed (`pip install opencv-python`). Run in Python environment with video file.

# AI-Based Crop Disease Detection - conceptual example using Keras

from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing import image
import numpy as np

model = load_model('crop_disease_model.h5')  # Pretrained model file

img_path = 'leaf.jpg'
img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(224, 224))
x = image.img_to_array(img)
x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0) / 255.0

prediction = model.predict(x)
disease = "Diseased" if prediction[0][0] > 0.5 else "Healthy"

print(f"Crop status: {disease}")
      

How to run: Requires TensorFlow installed, and a trained model file.

# AI-Powered Autonomous Vehicle Simulation - conceptual reinforcement learning setup

import gym

env = gym.make('CarRacing-v0')

observation = env.reset()
done = False

while not done:
    action = env.action_space.sample()  # Random action (replace with RL agent)
    observation, reward, done, info = env.step(action)
    env.render()

env.close()
      

How to run: Requires OpenAI Gym installed (`pip install gym[box2d]`). Run in Python environment.

# AI-Powered Image Super Resolution - using OpenCV DNN Super Resolution module

import cv2

sr = cv2.dnn_superres.DnnSuperResImpl_create()
sr.readModel('ESPCN_x4.pb')
sr.setModel('espcn', 4)

image = cv2.imread('low_res.jpg')
result = sr.upsample(image)

cv2.imwrite('super_res.jpg', result)
print("Super resolution image saved")
      

How to run: Requires OpenCV-contrib-python installed (`pip install opencv-contrib-python`).

# AI-Based Hand Pose Estimation - using MediaPipe

import cv2
import mediapipe as mp

mp_hands = mp.solutions.hands
hands = mp_hands.Hands()
mp_draw = mp.solutions.drawing_utils

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

while True:
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        break

    img_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
    results = hands.process(img_rgb)

    if results.multi_hand_landmarks:
        for handLms in results.multi_hand_landmarks:
            mp_draw.draw_landmarks(frame, handLms, mp_hands.HAND_CONNECTIONS)

    cv2.imshow("Hand Pose Estimation", frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
      

How to run: Requires MediaPipe and OpenCV installed (`pip install mediapipe opencv-python`).

# AI-Powered Chatbot for Mental Health Support - simple example using transformers

from transformers import pipeline

chatbot = pipeline('conversational')

user_input = "I feel anxious lately."

response = chatbot(user_input)

print(f"Chatbot response: {response}")
      

How to run: Requires transformers installed (`pip install transformers`). Run in Python environment.

# Create and setup Django project and app
# Terminal commands (not in pre tag, just instructions):
# django-admin startproject myblogproject
# cd myblogproject
# python manage.py startapp blog
# python -m venv env (optional but recommended)
# source env/bin/activate (Linux/Mac) or env\Scripts\activate (Windows)
# pip install django

# settings.py adjustments:
# Add 'blog' to INSTALLED_APPS
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog',  # Add blog app here
]

# models.py inside blog app
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)  # Post title
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)      # URL-friendly unique slug
    content = models.TextField()               # Post content
    published_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)  # Date published
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)  # Author of the post

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-published_date']  # Latest posts first

# admin.py inside blog app
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'author', 'published_date')  # Fields to display in admin list
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)}  # Auto-fill slug from title
    search_fields = ('title', 'content')        # Searchable fields

# urls.py inside myblogproject folder (main project)
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('blog.urls')),  # Include blog app urls
]

# urls.py inside blog app folder
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.post_list, name='post_list'),  # List all posts
    path('post/<slug:slug>/', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),  # Post detail by slug
]

# views.py inside blog app
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from .models import Post

def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'blog/post_list.html', {'posts': posts})

def post_detail(request, slug):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, slug=slug)
    return render(request, 'blog/post_detail.html', {'post': post})

# templates/blog/post_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Blog Posts</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Blog Posts</h1>
    <ul>
    {% raw %}
    <!-- Loop through posts -->
    {% for post in posts %}
        <li>
            <a href="{% url 'post_detail' post.slug %}">{{ post.title }}</a>
            <small>by {{ post.author.username }} on {{ post.published_date|date:"F j, Y" }}</small>
        </li>
    {% endfor %}
    {% endraw %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

# templates/blog/post_detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{{ post.title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
    <p>By {{ post.author.username }} on {{ post.published_date|date:"F j, Y" }}</p>
    <div>{{ post.content }}</div>
    <a href="{% url 'post_list' %}">Back to Posts</a>
</body>
</html>

# Running instructions:
# 1. Create and activate a virtual environment.
# 2. Install Django: pip install django
# 3. Create project and app, as above.
# 4. Add blog app to INSTALLED_APPS.
# 5. Run migrations: python manage.py migrate
# 6. Create superuser: python manage.py createsuperuser
# 7. Run server: python manage.py runserver
# 8. Access admin panel at http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ to add blog posts.
# 9. Access blog at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ to see posts list and details.
      

1. URL Shortener

# models.py in urlshortener app
from django.db import models
import string, random

def generate_short_code():
    length = 6
    chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(length))

class URL(models.Model):
    original_url = models.URLField()
    short_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, unique=True, default=generate_short_code)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.original_url} - {self.short_code}"

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from .models import URL
from django.http import HttpResponseNotFound

def home(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        original_url = request.POST.get('original_url')
        url_obj, created = URL.objects.get_or_create(original_url=original_url)
        return render(request, 'urlshortener/home.html', {'short_url': request.build_absolute_uri('/') + url_obj.short_code})
    return render(request, 'urlshortener/home.html')

def redirect_url(request, short_code):
    url_obj = get_object_or_404(URL, short_code=short_code)
    return redirect(url_obj.original_url)

# urls.py in urlshortener app
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.home, name='home'),
    path('<str:short_code>/', views.redirect_url, name='redirect_url'),
]

# templates/urlshortener/home.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>URL Shortener</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>URL Shortener</h1>
  <form method="post">
    {% raw %}{% csrf_token %}{% endraw %}
    <input type="url" name="original_url" placeholder="Enter URL" required>
    <button type="submit">Shorten</button>
  </form>

  {% raw %}{% if short_url %}{% endraw %}
    <p>Shortened URL: <a href="{{ short_url }}">{{ short_url }}</a></p>
  {% raw %}{% endif %}{% endraw %}
</body>
</html>

---

      
2. Contact Form Email Sender
      
# settings.py (add email config)
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'your_email@gmail.com'        # Replace with your email
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'your_email_password'     # Replace with your email password or app password

# views.py in contact app
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.conf import settings

def contact(request):
    message_sent = False
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        email = request.POST.get('email')
        message = request.POST.get('message')
        full_message = f"Message from {name} ({email}):\n\n{message}"

        send_mail(
            subject='Contact Form Message',
            message=full_message,
            from_email=settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER,
            recipient_list=[settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER],
        )
        message_sent = True

    return render(request, 'contact/contact.html', {'message_sent': message_sent})

# urls.py in contact app
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.contact, name='contact'),
]

# templates/contact/contact.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Contact Us</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Contact Us</h1>
  {% raw %}{% if message_sent %}{% endraw %}
    <p style="color:green;">Your message has been sent successfully!</p>
  {% raw %}{% endif %}{% endraw %}
  <form method="post">
    {% raw %}{% csrf_token %}{% endraw %}
    <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Your Name" required><br>
    <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Your Email" required><br>
    <textarea name="message" placeholder="Your Message" required></textarea><br>
    <button type="submit">Send</button>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

---

      
3. Expense Tracker with Django & Bootstrap
      
# models.py in expense app
from django.db import models

class Expense(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    date = models.DateField()
    category = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.title} - {self.amount}"

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .models import Expense
from django.db.models import Sum

def expense_list(request):
    expenses = Expense.objects.all().order_by('-date')
    total_expense = expenses.aggregate(Sum('amount'))['amount__sum'] or 0
    return render(request, 'expense/expense_list.html', {'expenses': expenses, 'total': total_expense})

def add_expense(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        amount = request.POST.get('amount')
        date = request.POST.get('date')
        category = request.POST.get('category')
        Expense.objects.create(title=title, amount=amount, date=date, category=category)
        return redirect('expense_list')
    return render(request, 'expense/add_expense.html')

# urls.py in expense app
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.expense_list, name='expense_list'),
    path('add/', views.add_expense, name='add_expense'),
]

# templates/expense/expense_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Expense Tracker</title>
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="container mt-4">
  <h1>Expense Tracker</h1>
  <a href="{% raw %}{% url 'add_expense' %}{% endraw %}" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Add Expense</a>
  <table class="table table-bordered">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>Title</th>
        <th>Amount</th>
        <th>Category</th>
        <th>Date</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      {% raw %}{% for expense in expenses %}{% endraw %}
        <tr>
          <td>{{ expense.title }}</td>
          <td>${{ expense.amount }}</td>
          <td>{{ expense.category }}</td>
          <td>{{ expense.date }}</td>
        </tr>
      {% raw %}{% endfor %}{% endraw %}
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <h3>Total Expense: ${{ total }}</h3>
</body>
</html>

# templates/expense/add_expense.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Add Expense</title>
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="container mt-4">
  <h1>Add Expense</h1>
  <form method="post">
    {% raw %}{% csrf_token %}{% endraw %}
    <div class="mb-3">
      <label class="form-label">Title</label>
      <input type="text" name="title" class="form-control" required>
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
      <label class="form-label">Amount</label>
      <input type="number" step="0.01" name="amount" class="form-control" required>
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
      <label class="form-label">Category</label>
      <input type="text" name="category" class="form-control" required>
    </div>
    <div class="mb-3">
      <label class="form-label">Date</label>
      <input type="date" name="date" class="form-control" required>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Add</button>
  </form>
</body>
</html>