Chapter 26: Addition and Subtraction Story Problems
Learn Grade 1 mathematics from very beginner explanations through worked examples, practice, reasoning, and review.
Chapter Overview
This chapter teaches Addition and Subtraction Story Problems with simple language, step-by-step reasoning, and original worked examples. Math words are explained in simple Grade 1 language.
Key Technical Terms
- Finding what the story asks (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Joining stories (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Taking-away stories (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Comparing stories (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Finding a missing part (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Drawing the story (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Using objects to model the story (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Writing an equation (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Checking the answer in the story (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Explaining an answer with words (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
How to Learn This Chapter
Read or listen to the explanation, use objects or pictures when helpful, follow one step at a time, and try the example again before checking the answer.
26.1 Finding what the story asks
Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Finding what the story asks mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Finding what the story asks.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Finding what the story asks.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Finding what the story asks?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Finding what the story asks?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Finding what the story asks in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Finding what the story asks can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Finding what the story asks with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding what the story asks best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding what the story asks.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Finding what the story asks with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding what the story asks best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding what the story asks.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Finding what the story asks with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding what the story asks best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding what the story asks.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Finding what the story asks with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding what the story asks best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding what the story asks.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Finding what the story asks with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding what the story asks best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding what the story asks.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Finding what the story asks. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.2 Joining stories
Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Joining stories mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Joining stories.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Joining stories.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Joining stories?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Joining stories?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Joining stories in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Joining stories can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Joining stories. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.3 Taking-away stories
Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Taking-away stories mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Taking-away stories.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Taking-away stories.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Taking-away stories?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Taking-away stories?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Taking-away stories in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Taking-away stories can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Taking-away stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Taking-away stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Taking-away stories.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Taking-away stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Taking-away stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Taking-away stories.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Taking-away stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Taking-away stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Taking-away stories.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Taking-away stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Taking-away stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Taking-away stories.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Taking-away stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Taking-away stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Taking-away stories.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Taking-away stories. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.4 Comparing stories
Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Comparing stories mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Comparing stories.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Comparing stories.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Comparing stories?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Comparing stories?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Comparing stories in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Comparing stories can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Comparing stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Comparing stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Comparing stories.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Comparing stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Comparing stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Comparing stories.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Comparing stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Comparing stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Comparing stories.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Comparing stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Comparing stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Comparing stories.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Comparing stories with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Comparing stories best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Comparing stories.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Comparing stories. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.5 Finding a missing part
Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Finding a missing part mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Finding a missing part.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Finding a missing part.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Finding a missing part?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Finding a missing part?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Finding a missing part in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Finding a missing part can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Finding a missing part with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding a missing part best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding a missing part.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Finding a missing part with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding a missing part best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding a missing part.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Finding a missing part with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding a missing part best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding a missing part.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Finding a missing part with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding a missing part best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding a missing part.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Finding a missing part with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Finding a missing part best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Finding a missing part.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Finding a missing part. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.6 Drawing the story
Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Drawing the story mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Drawing the story.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Drawing the story.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Drawing the story?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Drawing the story?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Drawing the story in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Drawing the story can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Drawing the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Drawing the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Drawing the story.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Drawing the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Drawing the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Drawing the story.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Drawing the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Drawing the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Drawing the story.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Drawing the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Drawing the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Drawing the story.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Drawing the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Drawing the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Drawing the story.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Drawing the story. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.7 Using objects to model the story
Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Using objects to model the story mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Answer: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Using objects to model the story.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Using objects to model the story.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Using objects to model the story?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Using objects to model the story?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Using objects to model the story in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Answer: Using objects to model the story can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Using objects to model the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Using objects to model the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Using objects to model the story.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Using objects to model the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Using objects to model the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Using objects to model the story.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Using objects to model the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Using objects to model the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Using objects to model the story.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Using objects to model the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Using objects to model the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Using objects to model the story.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Using objects to model the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Using objects to model the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Using objects to model the story.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Using objects to model the story. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.8 Writing an equation
Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Writing an equation mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Answer: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Writing an equation.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Writing an equation.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Writing an equation?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Writing an equation?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Writing an equation in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Answer: Writing an equation can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Fill the box: 2 + □ = 5.
- Ask what must be added to the first number.
- Count on until you reach the total.
Very beginner explanation: The missing number keeps both sides equal.
Answer: 3
Worked Example 7
Problem: Fill the box: 4 + □ = 5.
- Ask what must be added to the first number.
- Count on until you reach the total.
Very beginner explanation: The missing number keeps both sides equal.
Answer: 1
Worked Example 8
Problem: Fill the box: 5 + □ = 7.
- Ask what must be added to the first number.
- Count on until you reach the total.
Very beginner explanation: The missing number keeps both sides equal.
Answer: 2
Worked Example 9
Problem: Fill the box: 6 + □ = 8.
- Ask what must be added to the first number.
- Count on until you reach the total.
Very beginner explanation: The missing number keeps both sides equal.
Answer: 2
Worked Example 10
Problem: Fill the box: 7 + □ = 10.
- Ask what must be added to the first number.
- Count on until you reach the total.
Very beginner explanation: The missing number keeps both sides equal.
Answer: 3
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Writing an equation. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.9 Checking the answer in the story
Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Checking the answer in the story mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Checking the answer in the story.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Checking the answer in the story.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Checking the answer in the story?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Checking the answer in the story?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Checking the answer in the story in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Checking the answer in the story can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Checking the answer in the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Checking the answer in the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Checking the answer in the story.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Checking the answer in the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Checking the answer in the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Checking the answer in the story.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Checking the answer in the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Checking the answer in the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Checking the answer in the story.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Checking the answer in the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Checking the answer in the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Checking the answer in the story.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Checking the answer in the story with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Checking the answer in the story best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Checking the answer in the story.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Checking the answer in the story. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
26.10 Explaining an answer with words
Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Explaining an answer with words mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Explaining an answer with words.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Explaining an answer with words.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Explaining an answer with words?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Explaining an answer with words?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Explaining an answer with words in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Explaining an answer with words can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Explaining an answer with words with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Explaining an answer with words best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Explaining an answer with words.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Explaining an answer with words with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Explaining an answer with words best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Explaining an answer with words.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Explaining an answer with words with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Explaining an answer with words best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Explaining an answer with words.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Explaining an answer with words with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Explaining an answer with words best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Explaining an answer with words.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Explaining an answer with words with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Explaining an answer with words best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Explaining an answer with words.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Explaining an answer with words. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
Chapter Notes, Practice, and Common Mistakes
Chapter Notes
- Read or listen to the question before solving.
- Use objects, a drawing, ten frame, number line, table, graph, or simple number sentence when useful.
- Explain your thinking and check by counting, comparing, or using another simple model.
Extra Practice
- Create and solve one original problem about Finding what the story asks.
- Create and solve one original problem about Joining stories.
- Create and solve one original problem about Taking-away stories.
- Create and solve one original problem about Comparing stories.
- Create and solve one original problem about Finding a missing part.
- Create and solve one original problem about Drawing the story.
Common Mistakes
- Skipping the meaning and trying to memorize a rule only.
- Using the wrong operation because the question was not read completely.
- Ignoring units, labels, place values, or the context of the problem.
- Not estimating or checking whether the final answer is reasonable.
30 Review Questions and Answers
Q1. What is the main idea in Finding what the story asks?
Answer: Finding what the story asks is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q2. What is the main idea in Joining stories?
Answer: Joining stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q3. What is the main idea in Taking-away stories?
Answer: Taking-away stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q4. What is the main idea in Comparing stories?
Answer: Comparing stories is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q5. What is the main idea in Finding a missing part?
Answer: Finding a missing part is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q6. What is the main idea in Drawing the story?
Answer: Drawing the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q7. What is the main idea in Using objects to model the story?
Answer: Using objects to model the story uses simple mathematics to understand a real situation, try possible solutions, and explain a reasonable choice.
Q8. What is the main idea in Writing an equation?
Answer: Writing an equation builds early algebra thinking by showing that both sides of the equals sign must have the same value.
Q9. What is the main idea in Checking the answer in the story?
Answer: Checking the answer in the story is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q10. What is the main idea in Explaining an answer with words?
Answer: Explaining an answer with words is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q11. Why is it useful to use counters or drawings?
Answer: They make the quantities visible and help you understand before using only numbers.
Q12. Why should you count carefully?
Answer: Careful counting means each object is counted once and no object is missed.
Q13. What can you do if a problem feels hard?
Answer: Use smaller numbers, draw a picture, use objects, and solve one small step at a time.
Q14. Why should both sides of an equals sign match?
Answer: The equals sign means the two sides have the same value.
Q15. How can a number line help?
Answer: It shows number order and can help you count forward or backward.
Q16. How can a ten frame help?
Answer: It organizes objects into groups that make numbers and addition easier to see.
Q17. Why are equal shares important?
Answer: Equal shares make fair groups or equal parts.
Q18. How do patterns help us predict?
Answer: A pattern rule tells us what should come next.
Q19. Why do we label a graph or table?
Answer: Labels tell us what the information represents.
Q20. How can you describe a shape?
Answer: Talk about its sides, corners, flat or curved surfaces, and other visible attributes.
Q21. How can you compare two objects?
Answer: Choose one attribute, such as length, mass, or capacity, and compare that same attribute.
Q22. Why is a calendar useful?
Answer: It organizes days, weeks, months, dates, and events.
Q23. Why does money have different values?
Answer: Different coins and bills represent different amounts of money.
Q24. Why should you explain your answer?
Answer: Explaining shows how you thought about the problem and helps you check your reasoning.
Q25. What should you do after a mistake?
Answer: Look at the step again, fix it, and try a similar example.
Q26. How can you be a confident math learner?
Answer: Use positive self-talk, try a strategy, ask questions, and remember that mistakes help you learn.
Q27. When should you use a picture?
Answer: Use a picture when it helps you see quantities, shapes, positions, or a story problem.
Q28. When should you use objects?
Answer: Use objects when you want to count, join, take away, share, sort, or compare in a hands-on way.
Q29. How can you check addition?
Answer: Recount the combined objects or use another model.
Q30. How can you check subtraction?
Answer: Put the taken-away part and the part left back together to see if they make the starting amount.