Chapter 19: Addition Facts to 10
Learn Grade 1 mathematics from very beginner explanations through worked examples, practice, reasoning, and review.
Chapter Overview
This chapter teaches Addition Facts to 10 with simple language, step-by-step reasoning, and original worked examples. Math words are explained in simple Grade 1 language.
Key Technical Terms
- Adding 0 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Adding 1 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Adding 2 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Making 5 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Making 10 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Doubles within 10 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Near doubles within 10 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Fact families within 10 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Missing addends within 10 (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
- Addition facts review (a Grade 1 idea used in this chapter)
How to Learn This Chapter
Read or listen to the explanation, use objects or pictures when helpful, follow one step at a time, and try the example again before checking the answer.
19.1 Adding 0
Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Adding 0 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Adding 0.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Adding 0.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Adding 0?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Adding 0?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Adding 0 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Adding 0 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Adding 0. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.2 Adding 1
Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Adding 1 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Adding 1.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Adding 1.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Adding 1?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Adding 1?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Adding 1 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Adding 1 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Adding 1. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.3 Adding 2
Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Adding 2 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Adding 2.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Adding 2.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Adding 2?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Adding 2?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Adding 2 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Adding 2 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Adding 2. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.4 Making 5
Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Making 5 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Making 5.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Making 5.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Making 5?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Making 5?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Making 5 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Making 5 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Making 5 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 5 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 5.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Making 5 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 5 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 5.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Making 5 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 5 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 5.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Making 5 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 5 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 5.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Making 5 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 5 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 5.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Making 5. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.5 Making 10
Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Making 10 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Making 10.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Making 10.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Making 10?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Making 10?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Making 10 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Making 10 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Making 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 10.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Making 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 10.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Making 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 10.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Making 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 10.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Making 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Making 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Making 10.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Making 10. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.6 Doubles within 10
Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Doubles within 10 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Doubles within 10.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Doubles within 10.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Doubles within 10?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Doubles within 10?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Doubles within 10 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Doubles within 10 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Doubles within 10. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.7 Near doubles within 10
Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Near doubles within 10 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Near doubles within 10.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Near doubles within 10.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Near doubles within 10?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Near doubles within 10?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Near doubles within 10 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Near doubles within 10 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Near doubles within 10. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.8 Fact families within 10
Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Fact families within 10 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Fact families within 10.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Fact families within 10.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Fact families within 10?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Fact families within 10?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Fact families within 10 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Answer: Fact families within 10 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Show Fact families within 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Fact families within 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Fact families within 10.
Worked Example 7
Problem: Show Fact families within 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Fact families within 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Fact families within 10.
Worked Example 8
Problem: Show Fact families within 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Fact families within 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Fact families within 10.
Worked Example 9
Problem: Show Fact families within 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Fact families within 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Fact families within 10.
Worked Example 10
Problem: Show Fact families within 10 with a simple Grade 1 example.
- Use small numbers, objects, or a drawing.
- Explain what the example shows.
Very beginner explanation: Grade 1 learners understand Fact families within 10 best through concrete examples and clear words.
Answer: A correct simple example of Fact families within 10.
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Fact families within 10. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.9 Missing addends within 10
Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Missing addends within 10 mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Missing addends within 10.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Missing addends within 10.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Missing addends within 10?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Missing addends within 10?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Missing addends within 10 in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Missing addends within 10 can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Missing addends within 10. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
19.10 Addition facts review
Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Beginner Note
Start with real objects, fingers, or a picture. Say the idea aloud, try one small example, and check it by counting or comparing again.
10 Worked Examples with Answers and Very-Beginner Explanations
Worked Example 1
Problem: What does Addition facts review mean?
- Say the topic in simple words.
- Use objects, fingers, a drawing, or a number example.
- Tell what you notice.
Very beginner explanation: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Worked Example 2
Problem: Show one small example of Addition facts review.
- Choose small numbers or a simple shape/object.
- Make a model or drawing.
- Describe what the model shows.
Very beginner explanation: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: A correct small model or drawing can show the meaning of Addition facts review.
Worked Example 3
Problem: Which tool could help with Addition facts review?
- Think about counters, fingers, a ten frame, number line, picture, table, or real object.
- Choose the tool that makes the idea easiest to see.
Very beginner explanation: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Use a simple tool that lets you see and check the quantities or shapes.
Worked Example 4
Problem: How can you check your work in Addition facts review?
- Look at the objects, drawing, or numbers again.
- Count or compare one more time.
- Make sure the answer matches the question.
Very beginner explanation: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Check by recounting, comparing, or using a second simple model.
Worked Example 5
Problem: Where might you use Addition facts review in everyday life?
- Think about toys, snacks, books, classroom objects, calendars, shapes, or money.
- Choose one situation.
- Explain how the math helps.
Very beginner explanation: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Answer: Addition facts review can help with a simple everyday task such as counting, sharing, comparing, measuring, organizing, or deciding.
Worked Example 6
Problem: Find 2 + 3.
- Make a group of 2.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 7
Problem: Find 4 + 1.
- Make a group of 4.
- Add 1 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 5
Worked Example 8
Problem: Find 5 + 2.
- Make a group of 5.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 7
Worked Example 9
Problem: Find 6 + 3.
- Make a group of 6.
- Add 3 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 9
Worked Example 10
Problem: Find 8 + 2.
- Make a group of 8.
- Add 2 more.
- Count all the objects.
Very beginner explanation: Addition puts quantities together.
Answer: 10
Practice Exercise
Create one small question about Addition facts review. Show it with objects, a picture, or numbers, then check by counting or comparing again.
Chapter Notes, Practice, and Common Mistakes
Chapter Notes
- Read or listen to the question before solving.
- Use objects, a drawing, ten frame, number line, table, graph, or simple number sentence when useful.
- Explain your thinking and check by counting, comparing, or using another simple model.
Extra Practice
- Create and solve one original problem about Adding 0.
- Create and solve one original problem about Adding 1.
- Create and solve one original problem about Adding 2.
- Create and solve one original problem about Making 5.
- Create and solve one original problem about Making 10.
- Create and solve one original problem about Doubles within 10.
Common Mistakes
- Skipping the meaning and trying to memorize a rule only.
- Using the wrong operation because the question was not read completely.
- Ignoring units, labels, place values, or the context of the problem.
- Not estimating or checking whether the final answer is reasonable.
30 Review Questions and Answers
Q1. What is the main idea in Adding 0?
Answer: Adding 0 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Q2. What is the main idea in Adding 1?
Answer: Adding 1 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Q3. What is the main idea in Adding 2?
Answer: Adding 2 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Q4. What is the main idea in Making 5?
Answer: Making 5 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q5. What is the main idea in Making 10?
Answer: Making 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q6. What is the main idea in Doubles within 10?
Answer: Doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q7. What is the main idea in Near doubles within 10?
Answer: Near doubles within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q8. What is the main idea in Fact families within 10?
Answer: Fact families within 10 is a Grade 1 mathematics idea. Learn it with objects or pictures first, then explain it with numbers or words.
Q9. What is the main idea in Missing addends within 10?
Answer: Missing addends within 10 teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Q10. What is the main idea in Addition facts review?
Answer: Addition facts review teaches how to put quantities together. Learners use objects, drawings, ten frames, and counting-on strategies before writing number sentences.
Q11. Why is it useful to use counters or drawings?
Answer: They make the quantities visible and help you understand before using only numbers.
Q12. Why should you count carefully?
Answer: Careful counting means each object is counted once and no object is missed.
Q13. What can you do if a problem feels hard?
Answer: Use smaller numbers, draw a picture, use objects, and solve one small step at a time.
Q14. Why should both sides of an equals sign match?
Answer: The equals sign means the two sides have the same value.
Q15. How can a number line help?
Answer: It shows number order and can help you count forward or backward.
Q16. How can a ten frame help?
Answer: It organizes objects into groups that make numbers and addition easier to see.
Q17. Why are equal shares important?
Answer: Equal shares make fair groups or equal parts.
Q18. How do patterns help us predict?
Answer: A pattern rule tells us what should come next.
Q19. Why do we label a graph or table?
Answer: Labels tell us what the information represents.
Q20. How can you describe a shape?
Answer: Talk about its sides, corners, flat or curved surfaces, and other visible attributes.
Q21. How can you compare two objects?
Answer: Choose one attribute, such as length, mass, or capacity, and compare that same attribute.
Q22. Why is a calendar useful?
Answer: It organizes days, weeks, months, dates, and events.
Q23. Why does money have different values?
Answer: Different coins and bills represent different amounts of money.
Q24. Why should you explain your answer?
Answer: Explaining shows how you thought about the problem and helps you check your reasoning.
Q25. What should you do after a mistake?
Answer: Look at the step again, fix it, and try a similar example.
Q26. How can you be a confident math learner?
Answer: Use positive self-talk, try a strategy, ask questions, and remember that mistakes help you learn.
Q27. When should you use a picture?
Answer: Use a picture when it helps you see quantities, shapes, positions, or a story problem.
Q28. When should you use objects?
Answer: Use objects when you want to count, join, take away, share, sort, or compare in a hands-on way.
Q29. How can you check addition?
Answer: Recount the combined objects or use another model.
Q30. How can you check subtraction?
Answer: Put the taken-away part and the part left back together to see if they make the starting amount.